Docker常用命令

一、帮助指令

docker version #显示docker 的版本信息

docker info #显示docker 的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量

docker [命令] --help #命令的 帮助信息

二、镜像命令

【docker images #查看镜像列表】

#解释

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

REPOSITORY #镜像的仓库源

TAG #标签

IMAGE ID #镜像ID

CREATED #创建时间

SIZE #镜像大小

  • --all 或 -a #看到所有的镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images -a

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

<none> <none> 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

  • --filter 或 -f #过滤

--filter=reference='*:latest' #匹配 所有 REPOSITORY / TAG 为 latest 的 镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images --filter=reference='*:latest'

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

alpine latest 302aba9ce190 21 hours ago 5.61MB

mysql latest 26d0ac143221 7 days ago 546MB

nginx latest 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

sudo docker inspect --format '{{(index .RootFS.Layers 0)}}' 302aba9ce190

  • --no-trunc #显示完整的镜像信息

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images --no-trunc

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

<none> <none> sha256:6084105296a952523c36eea261af38885f41e9d1d0001b4916fa426e45377ffe 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest sha256:28f6e27057430ed2a40dbdd50d2736a3f0a295924016e294938110eeb8439818 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

<none> <none> 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

  • --digests #显示镜像的摘要信息

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images --digests

REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

<none> <none> <none> 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest sha256:a75afd8b57e7f34e4dad8d65e2c7ba2e1975c795ce1ee22fa34f8cf46f96a3be 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

  • --quiet 或 -q #值显示id

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images -q

6084105296a9

28f6e2705743

【docker search mysql #搜索镜像】

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker search mysql

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10665 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3997 [OK]

mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 779 [OK]

percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 528 [OK]

centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 87

mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 80

centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]

bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 50 [OK]

databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 42

deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]

prom/mysqld-exporter 37 [OK]

....

  • --filter=STARS=3000 #搜索 镜像STARS 大于3000 的镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10665 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3997 [OK]

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

【docker pull 镜像名[:tag] #下载对应镜像】

#不添加 TAG 下载最新版本

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker pull mysql

Using default tag: latest

latest: Pulling from library/mysql

6f28985ad184: Already exists

e7cd18945cf6: Pull complete

ee91068b9313: Pull complete

b4efa1a4f93b: Pull complete

f220edfa5893: Pull complete

74a27d3460f8: Pull complete

2e11e23b7542: Pull complete

fbce32c99761: Pull complete

08545fb3966f: Pull complete

5b9c076841dc: Pull complete

ef8b369352ae: Pull complete

ebd210f0917d: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:5d1d733f32c28d47061e9d5c2b1fb49b4628c4432901632a70019ec950eda491

Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest

docker.io/library/mysql:latest

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#列表显示容器的所有版本

#添加 TAG 下载指定版本

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker pull mysql:5.7

[sudo] password for ByCore:

Sorry, try again.

[sudo] password for ByCore:

5.7: Pulling from library/mysql

6f28985ad184: Already exists =====>

e7cd18945cf6: Already exists =====>

ee91068b9313: Already exists =====>

b4efa1a4f93b: Already exists =====>

f220edfa5893: Already exists =====>

74a27d3460f8: Already exists =====>

2e11e23b7542: Already exists =====> #容器的分层架构，下载镜像时 会比对本地镜像的分层与Docker Hub 中的分层，如果存在折不下载

39ac93d44c47: Pull complete

dfd9db50d4ea: Pull complete

3bc1b061dd92: Pull complete

51da5253cefc: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:90284763b95c67f1bfb6e4de640ec3ceb82a45a12af321201cd51d62e722af1d

Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7

docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

【docker rmi [镜像ID:镜像名[:tag] ] #删除对应镜像】

#通过ID 删除镜像 #通过镜像ID 删除 不能带TAG

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql 5.7 2fb283157d3c 7 days ago 449MB

mysql latest 26d0ac143221 7 days ago 546MB

<none> <none> 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi -f 6084105296a9 #镜像有运行的容器时，不能够删除

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 6084105296a9 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container 1fa1073b3ea4

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi -f 2fb283157d3c

Untagged: mysql:5.7

Untagged: mysql@sha256:90284763b95c67f1bfb6e4de640ec3ceb82a45a12af321201cd51d62e722af1d

Deleted: sha256:2fb283157d3c46af56502f59004fddbf4f8a2531c5c1c8be6168233dd7a41939

Deleted: sha256:4a0e2fca8f43fdc427996d49f3ef1bc020d8da5183d986b81f7f302a391ae5ed

Deleted: sha256:e35ba21a7d23155e942328d1aa816016ae1663165e1431a34a74ca172730d650

Deleted: sha256:6d2efff120dd67002624d7999876db66afeaf2aead8b7ccee4453e0d21a99628

Deleted: sha256:ad80b667eed27f25e7066ea2ebe8e4449fd997d6011f8e24dc3e5c74a7a6784e

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#通过镜像名 删除镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi mysql:latest

Untagged: mysql:latest

Untagged: mysql@sha256:5d1d733f32c28d47061e9d5c2b1fb49b4628c4432901632a70019ec950eda491

Deleted: sha256:26d0ac143221341c36402a139826e938d2ea6f2e458005a71699975c84e96ade

Deleted: sha256:16f5b1eb2e7319e8a0db5df7f1ee0903033400a42264fcfbcc2d946b12267895

Deleted: sha256:303119686434550f3672a755dcda8a0468d34472d77e8789ffef5dc5f73dc790

Deleted: sha256:88f159cadb30aacd4df26c9fb6e1fb71b3cc3f5ce05468659879216e7751bad7

Deleted: sha256:55b6e8ee7cbea49773b2a88c3941ebad16537df99b087e673ca4b0175ade1b70

Deleted: sha256:e27b1c89d3f9e194c1a3495c24a9546135ee3ab6625e94eaaedd09a41343e7d0

Deleted: sha256:c1e6768ecc0af349b2167ea29168a32da846ea4fd2ba08f37d4e45d9ee00080a

Deleted: sha256:1a0d8068bd29db71d09ff06b5356f73786f70bac70d157d2f4a1197a85aa682c

Deleted: sha256:4a52e2416c7889937a7dd82d485cc878f4d8607f20c0e77c4b0b060de457b00b

Deleted: sha256:cea5c46b3aee78a2d584f0374ab28a35995036de6b204086d34da265988e1970

Deleted: sha256:3e8ad860e72cc47bcdee6afa9c58904bbd1bc003acecaaf98393dd1c960026a6

Deleted: sha256:6f2660ea9ddbf232748e123ca4aa9f5f0ce40fef502ae2187456982b7c2efc33

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx latest 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

1fa1073b3ea4 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 55 minutes ago Up 55 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi -f nginx:latest #删除 有容器运行的 镜像时，只时Untagged 对应的 REPOSITORY 和 TAG

Untagged: nginx:latest

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi nginx:latest #不加 -f 参数时 不允许删除

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "nginx:latest" (must force) - container 1fa1073b3ea4 is using its referenced image 6084105296a9

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#批量删除镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa) #删除所有镜像 如果有其中某些镜像有容器运行，无法删除

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

7a5830b10086 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Exited (137) 12 minutes ago nginx-run2

23810f7ccd2a nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 19 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker rm -f $(sudo docker ps -qa --filter=status=exited) #删除所有状态 为 exited 的容器

7a5830b10086

#删除 tag 为 <none> 的镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker image prune

[sudo] password for ByCore:

WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Total reclaimed space: 0B

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#删除 无容器 使用的镜像

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images -a

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

mysql 5.7 2fb283157d3c 7 days ago 449MB

mysql latest 26d0ac143221 7 days ago 546MB

nginx latest 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

alpine latest 28f6e2705743 5 weeks ago 5.61MB

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker image prune -a

WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.

Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Deleted Images:

untagged: mysql:5.7

untagged: mysql@sha256:90284763b95c67f1bfb6e4de640ec3ceb82a45a12af321201cd51d62e722af1d

deleted: sha256:2fb283157d3c46af56502f59004fddbf4f8a2531c5c1c8be6168233dd7a41939

deleted: sha256:4a0e2fca8f43fdc427996d49f3ef1bc020d8da5183d986b81f7f302a391ae5ed

deleted: sha256:e35ba21a7d23155e942328d1aa816016ae1663165e1431a34a74ca172730d650

deleted: sha256:6d2efff120dd67002624d7999876db66afeaf2aead8b7ccee4453e0d21a99628

deleted: sha256:ad80b667eed27f25e7066ea2ebe8e4449fd997d6011f8e24dc3e5c74a7a6784e

untagged: mysql:latest

untagged: mysql@sha256:5d1d733f32c28d47061e9d5c2b1fb49b4628c4432901632a70019ec950eda491

deleted: sha256:26d0ac143221341c36402a139826e938d2ea6f2e458005a71699975c84e96ade

deleted: sha256:16f5b1eb2e7319e8a0db5df7f1ee0903033400a42264fcfbcc2d946b12267895

deleted: sha256:303119686434550f3672a755dcda8a0468d34472d77e8789ffef5dc5f73dc790

deleted: sha256:88f159cadb30aacd4df26c9fb6e1fb71b3cc3f5ce05468659879216e7751bad7

deleted: sha256:55b6e8ee7cbea49773b2a88c3941ebad16537df99b087e673ca4b0175ade1b70

deleted: sha256:e27b1c89d3f9e194c1a3495c24a9546135ee3ab6625e94eaaedd09a41343e7d0

deleted: sha256:c1e6768ecc0af349b2167ea29168a32da846ea4fd2ba08f37d4e45d9ee00080a

deleted: sha256:1a0d8068bd29db71d09ff06b5356f73786f70bac70d157d2f4a1197a85aa682c

deleted: sha256:4a52e2416c7889937a7dd82d485cc878f4d8607f20c0e77c4b0b060de457b00b

deleted: sha256:cea5c46b3aee78a2d584f0374ab28a35995036de6b204086d34da265988e1970

deleted: sha256:3e8ad860e72cc47bcdee6afa9c58904bbd1bc003acecaaf98393dd1c960026a6

deleted: sha256:6f2660ea9ddbf232748e123ca4aa9f5f0ce40fef502ae2187456982b7c2efc33

untagged: alpine:latest

untagged: alpine@sha256:a75afd8b57e7f34e4dad8d65e2c7ba2e1975c795ce1ee22fa34f8cf46f96a3be

deleted: sha256:28f6e27057430ed2a40dbdd50d2736a3f0a295924016e294938110eeb8439818

deleted: sha256:cb381a32b2296e4eb5af3f84092a2e6685e88adbc54ee0768a1a1010ce6376c7

Total reclaimed space: 795.9MB

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker images -a

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx latest 6084105296a9 2 weeks ago 133MB

三、容器命令

【docker run [参数] image】

#参数说明

--name="name" #容器名称，给容器一个别名

-d #后台方式运行

-it #使用交互式运行，bind 交互式shell（进入交互式shell）

-p #绑定（映射）宿主机端口到容器软口 ：-p 8080:8080

#[-p ip:主机端口:容器端口] : 带 ip

#[-p 主机端口:容器端口]

#[-p 容器端口] : 不映射端口

#[容器端口]

-P #大P 随机指定端口

  • 启动并进入容器

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run -it centos /bin/bash #不使用 --name 指定名称,docker 会随机生成一个 容器名称

[sudo] password for ByCore:

[root@79342bff2ffb /]#

[root@79342bff2ffb /]# exit

exit

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

23810f7ccd2a 6084105296a9 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

79342bff2ffb centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 14 seconds ago silly_pike

23810f7ccd2a 6084105296a9 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

【docker ps】列表容器

#参数说明

-a :显示所有的容器，包括未运行的。

-f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。

--format :指定返回值的模板文件。 --format 的所有 key值 可以通过 模板 ：'{{json .}}' 来获取

-l :显示最近创建的容器。

-n :列出最近创建的n个容器。

--no-trunc :不截断输出。

-q :静默模式，只显示容器编号。

-s :显示总的文件大小。

#输出信息：

CONTAINER ID : 容器 ID。

IMAGE : 使用的镜像。

COMMAND : 启动容器时运行的命令。

CREATED : 容器的创建时间。

STATUS : 容器状态。

#状态类型：

created :（已创建）

restarting :（重启中）

running :（运行中）

removing :（迁移中）

paused :（暂停）

exited :（停止）

dead :（死亡）

#过滤条件：

id : container's id [容器ID]

label : label=<key> | label=<key>=<value> [1： label=color 2: label=color=blue]

exited :

status : created|restarting|running|removing|paused|exited|dead

  • 显示所有容器 -a 【包含exited 的容器】

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a #STATUS 包含Exited 为 停止的容器，包含Up 为 运行的容器 后面 接 时间，表示运行或停止的时常

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

f93de165c287 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago infallible_shtern

79342bff2ffb centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago silly_pike

23810f7ccd2a 6084105296a9 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

  • 只显示 运行中的容器

#方法一 ：docker ps 【不加任何参数】

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

23810f7ccd2a 6084105296a9 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#方法二：sudo docker ps -a --filter=status=running

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a --filter=status=running

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

23810f7ccd2a 6084105296a9 "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp nginx-run

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

  • 只显示 停止状态的容器

#方法一：docker ps --filter=status=exited

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps --filter=status=exited

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

f93de165c287 centos "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 15 minutes ago infallible_shtern

79342bff2ffb centos "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago silly_pike

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

#方法二：docker ps -a --filter=exited=0 #筛选的是 STATUS 状态为 exited 且 信号 为 0

[ByCore@localhost ~]$ sudo docker ps -a --filter=exited=0

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

f93de165c287 centos "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Exited (0) 29 minutes ago infallible_shtern

79342bff2ffb centos "/bin/bash" 33 minutes ago Exited (0) 31 minutes ago silly_pike

[ByCore@localhost ~]$

上一页Kafka生产环境注意事项下一页分布式专题